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"PREFACE This book is intended for a 2-semester first course in algebraic topology, though I would recommend not to try to cover the whole thing in two semesters. A glance through the contents page will tell the reader that the selection of topics is quite standard whereas the sequencing of them may not be so. The material in the first five chapters are very basic and quite enough for a semester course. A teacher can afford to be a little choosy in selecting exactly which sections (s)he may want to teach. There is more freedom in choice of materials to be taught from latter chapters. It goes without saying that these materials demand much higher mathematical maturity than the first five chapters. Also, this is where some knowledge of differential manifolds helps to understand the material better. The book can be adopted as a text for M.Sc./B.Tech./M.Tech./Ph.D. students. We assume that the readers of this book have gone through a semester course each in real analysis, and point-set-topology and some basic algebra. It is desirable that they also had a course in differential topology or concurrently study such a course but that is necessary only at a few sections. There are exercises at the end of many sections and at the end of first five chapters. Most of these exercises are part of the main material and working through them is an essential part of learning. However, it is not necessary that a student gets the right answers before proceeding further. Indeed, it is not a good idea to get stuck with a problem for too long--keep going further and come back to them later. There is a hint/solution manual for them at the end of the book for some selected exercises, especially for those which are being used in a later section, so as to make"-- "Thoroughly classroom-tested, this self-contained text teaches algebraic topology to students at the MSc and PhD levels, taking them all the way to becoming algebraic topologists. Requiring basic training in point set topology, linear algebra, and group theory, the book includes historical remarks to make the subject more meaningful to students. Also suitable for researchers, it provides references for further reading, presents full proofs of all results, and includes numerous exercises"--

Algebraic topology

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Topology --- Mathematical physics

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To see objects that live in the fourth dimension we humans would need to add a fourth dimension to our three-dimensional vision. An example of such an object that lives in the fourth dimension is a hyper-sphere or “3-sphere”. The quest to imagine the elusive 3-sphere has deep historical roots: medieval poet Dante Alighieri, in his circa 1300 AD Divine Comedy, used a 3-sphere to convey his allegorical vision of the Christian afterlife. In 1917, Albert Einstein visualized the universe, at each instant in time, as a 3-sphere. He described his representation as “…the place where the reader’s imagination boggles. Nobody can imagine this thing.” Over time, however, our understanding of the concept of dimension evolved. By 2003, a researcher had successfully rendered into human vision the structure of a 4-web (think of an every increasingly-dense spider’s web). In this text Stephen Lipscomb takes his innovative dimension theory research a step further, using the 4-web to reveal a new partial image of a 3-sphere. Illustrations support the reader’s understanding of the mathematics behind this process. Lipscomb describes a computer program that can produce partial images of a 3-sphere and suggests methods of discerning other fourth-dimensional objects that may serve as the basis for future artwork.  Reviews The author’s notion of fractal-based computer art is fascinating-a clear expression of our technological age. With the color plates in this book and the available DVD animation the reader will not only substantiate this, but will also gain an intuitive sense about the nature of fractals and about the structure and origin of the 4-web. A.D. Parks, Ph.D., Principal Scientist, Head of Quantum Physics Group, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Virginia Using numerous illustrations, the author discusses the idea of a fourth dimension. The new feature here is his use of an object that up until recently lived only in the fourth dimension. This book should become useful, educational, and widely-read. Gerald Edgar, Professor (Emeritus) of Mathematics, The Ohio State University  I have read many books, but only a couple has been as suggestive in terms of connections between mathematics, art, and physics as this book. It will be exceptionally well received. John E. Gray, Senior Member of IEEE, Lead physicist (over 130 publications)  An accessible yet rigorous treatment of recent mathematical research, this book is particularly valuable since its author developed these concepts originally. J. Larry Lehman, Professor of Mathematics, University of Mary Washington.

Topology --- Mathematics --- wiskunde --- topologie

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Cohomology and homology modulo 2 helps the reader grasp more readily the basics of a major tool in algebraic topology. Compared to a more general approach to (co)homology this refreshing approach has many pedagogical advantages: It leads more quickly to the essentials of the subject, An absence of signs and orientation considerations simplifies the theory, Computations and advanced applications can be presented at an earlier stage, Simple geometrical interpretations of (co)chains. Mod 2 (co)homology was developed in the first quarter of the twentieth century as an alternative to integral homology, before both became particular cases of (co)homology with arbitrary coefficients. The first chapters of this book may serve as a basis for a graduate-level introductory course to (co)homology. Simplicial and singular mod 2 (co)homology are introduced, with their products and Steenrod squares, as well as equivariant cohomology. Classical applications include Brouwer's fixed point theorem, Poincaré duality, Borsuk-Ulam theorem, Hopf invariant, Smith theory, Kervaire invariant, etc. The cohomology of flag manifolds is treated in detail (without spectral sequences), including the relationship between Stiefel-Whitney classes and Schubert calculus. More recent developments are also covered, including topological complexity, face spaces, equivariant Morse theory, conjugation spaces, polygon spaces, amongst others. Each chapter ends with exercises, with some hints and answers at the end of the book.

Algebraic topology --- Differential topology --- Mathematics --- topologie (wiskunde) --- wiskunde --- topologie

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Unlike other analytic techniques, the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) is independent of small/large physical parameters. Besides, it provides great freedom to choose equation type and solution expression of related linear high-order approximation equations. The HAM provides a simple way to guarantee the convergence of solution series. Such uniqueness differentiates the HAM from all other analytic approximation methods. In addition, the HAM can be applied to solve some challenging problems with high nonlinearity. This book, edited by the pioneer and founder of the HAM, describes the current adva

Homotopy theory. --- Deformations, Continuous --- Topology